A cosmetology program trains students to become licensed cosmetologists (hair, skin, nails and related services). Exact content and hours vary by school and by state licensing board, but a typical program covers the following areas:

Core curriculum and topics

• Haircutting and styling: wet cuts, layering, razor cutting, blowouts, updos, men’s hair techniques.
• Hair coloring and chemical services: permanent/semipermanent color, highlights, balayage, lightening/bleaching, color correction, hair relaxers and perms.
• Haircare science: hair structure, growth cycles, scalp disorders, product chemistry and safe product use.
• Skin care and facials: skin analysis, cleansing, exfoliation, basic facials, hair removal (waxing), and basic facial massage.
• Nail technology basics: manicures, pedicures, nail shaping, cuticle care, polish application, basic nail enhancements (acrylic/gel) — depth varies by program/state.
• Makeup application: day/evening makeup, corrective makeup, sanitation and product knowledge.
• Salon operations and business skills: client consultation, retailing, appointment scheduling, chair-side manners, pricing, inventory, marketing, and sometimes basic bookkeeping.
• Health, safety and sanitation: infection control, sterilization, blood-borne pathogens, OSHA and state board rules.
• State barbering/cosmetology law and ethics: licensing requirements, professional ethics, record keeping, and legal issues.
• Client consultation and customer service: communication, color/form recommendations, and client retention.

Hands-on practice

• Supervised clinic-floor work on mannequins and live models to develop speed and proficiency.
• Practical labs that build the required service counts for state licensure exams (e.g., number of haircuts, colors, perms).
• Mock licensing exams and practical demonstrations.

Theory and classroom instruction

• Anatomy and physiology relevant to hair, skin and nails.
• Chemistry basics for hair/color products.
• Professional development topics: career paths, resume/portfolio building, job interview prep.

Licensing preparation and exam readiness

• Preparation for your state’s written and practical cosmetology licensing exams: review sessions, practice tests, and demonstration of required skills.
• Many programs include or coordinate the required clinical hours for board eligibility.

Program length, hours and credentials

• Typical full-time programs: about 1,000–1,600 hours (often 9–18 months), but required hours vary by state (some require as low as ~1,000, others more).
• Credentials: diploma, certificate, or sometimes an associate degree if the school offers additional academic credits.

Career outcomes and specializations

• Entry-level roles: salon cosmetologist, stylist, colorist, nail technician, makeup artist, spa therapist, or platform artist.
• With experience or further training: salon manager, salon owner, educator, product specialist, or freelance artist.
• Opportunities for continuing education and specialty certifications (color specialist, extension technician, advanced esthetics, etc.).

Costs and financial aid

• Tuition varies widely by school and region. Many schools offer payment plans, and accredited institutions may provide federal student aid or scholarships. Private cosmetology schools often have different cost structures than community colleges.

Notes and next steps

• Because state board requirements differ, check your state cosmetology board for exact hour and exam requirements.
• If you want program details for a specific school (length, tuition, exact courses, accreditation, or state licensing alignment), tell me the school or the state and I’ll give precise information.